A physiatrist is a doctor specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation using non-surgical approaches to problems such as arthritis, tendonitis, back pain, and work- or accident-related injuries. They also specialize in the nonsurgical management of patients with neuromuscular and musculoskeletal disorders, such as spina bifida, traumatic brain and head injury, and muscular dystrophy.

The primary focus of the PM&R specialist, or physiatrist, is to restore or maximize patient functions that have been lost or damaged, and to ease pain and prevent secondary complications of disability. Treatment can incorporate exercise, prosthetics, orthotics, and mechanical and electrical devices.